A septic tank is a large, underground, watertight container that holds wastewater. Solids sink to the bottom, forming sludge, oil, and grease float to the top as scum and liquid wastewater (effluent) exit into a buried drain field.
The tank must be pumped often enough to prevent solids from flowing into the drain field and clogging the pipes. It also protects the home from disease-causing bacteria and viruses. Visit Our Website to learn more.
Over 60 million Americans use septic systems to treat their home’s waste. When your house’s toilets, showers, sinks and washing machines send waste to the septic system, it first goes to a tank buried outside. This septic tank is where the separating process takes place. The heaviest solids, called sludge, settle to the bottom and are broken down by bacteria. The lighter, floating solids, such as fats, oils and proteins, drift to the top of the septic tank. The clear, liquid waste that remains is called effluent.
The septic tank is usually made of concrete or fiberglass and has two chambers separated by a half wall. As waste enters the septic tank through the drain pipes, it falls into the first chamber where it is anaerobically digested. The bacteria and enzymes in this process convert the sludge into liquid. This liquid then flows over the half wall into the second, liquid-filled chamber.
From here, the liquid waste is dispersed into the soil absorption field, or drain field. The soil in the drain field, which is usually made of gravel and grass, filters and absorbs the wastewater. This system is used when your home is too far out from the municipal sewer lines to justify installing a costly, high-maintenance sewer system.
If the septic tank is not maintained properly, foreign matter can enter and clog the drain field. This can cause a waste backup into the house and/or overflowing of the septic tank. A septic tank needs to be pumped out periodically to remove these foreign materials and keep the system working efficiently.
Besides being an important part of a waste treatment system, the septic tank also protects your water environment. When solid waste is removed from the wastewater before it leaves the septic tank, the drain field does not get overloaded and clogged, which can kill the grass in your yard and cause bad odors in the house.
Septic tanks should be inspected and pumped at least once every 3 to 5 years. However, the exact frequency depends on usage and household size. An experienced septic service technician will be able to give you an accurate estimate based on your household’s specific usage.
Maintenance
One of the biggest mistakes that home and business owners make is to assume that a septic system is maintenance free. This is not the case, and routine inspection and care is essential for a long lifespan.
If you suspect that your septic tank needs to be pumped out, the best way to tell is by comparing the levels of waste in your septic system to those of a healthy, well-used system. Solid materials sink to the bottom of the septic tank and form a layer of sludge, while grease and other lightweight particles float to the top. Bacteria inside the tank breaks down these materials, allowing liquid waste to drain away.
Septic systems are not immune to leaks and other problems, but minor issues can often be resolved with affordable repair fees. In the worst-case scenario, a malfunctioning septic system can back up sewage into your home or business. This can be extremely dangerous and may require professional cleanup and disinfection.
To avoid these dangers, you should take several precautions, including reducing water usage, cleaning the effluent filter, avoiding flushing non-toilet items, and having your tank pumped periodically. Taking these small steps can help prevent major damage and keep your family and business safe.
Many septic tank issues arise from home and business owners flushing things that are not designed to go into the septic system, including chemical products, sanitary napkins, diapers, cigarette butts, paper towels, and coffee grounds. Even some items labeled as “flushable” can cause serious problems, so be sure to check with your septic tank professionals before flushing any new materials.
Regular septic tank pumping can prevent the buildup of sludge and scum, which could carry these substances to your absorption field and pollute your soil and water. You should also divert surface water, such as irrigation sprinklers, away from your drainfield to prevent flooding, which can harm the soil and groundwater.
Finally, you should map out the location of your septic system components with a diagram or by marking them with permanent stakes. This will help you locate the tank and prevent damaging it when performing home or yard work. Don’t plant trees or park vehicles or equipment over the drainfield, which can clog or damage pipes. These simple precautions will protect your septic system and save you money in the long run.
Installation
A septic system prevents untreated wastewater from contaminating the soil or groundwater supply around homes. It also reduces pollution levels in lakes and rivers that people depend on for drinking water.
When a septic tank fails, it can cause raw sewage to back up into homes, causing unpleasant odors and serious health risks. It is also expensive to clean up and repair. A professional septic system inspection can help identify problems and prevent them from getting worse.
The first step in installing a septic tank is to get proper building and health permits. The contractor will then design the system and excavate the site of the tank. Depending on your land’s soil conditions and the presence of trees or vegetation, this may take several weeks.
Once the tank is in place, it will be sealed and tested to ensure it is watertight. It should not lose more than an inch of water in a 24-hour period. After the septic tank is installed, it will be connected to pipes that lead to the house and the drain field. The distribution box evenly distributes the wastewater into pipes in the trenches of the absorption field.
As the bacteria in your septic tank break down waste contaminants, they produce gases. These gases must be released to avoid a build-up of pressure that could stop or reverse the flow of wastewater. The gases and odors are vented through a vent pipe in the septic tank lid.
The septic tank is usually located near the front of the home, close to the leach field or drain field. It should not be placed in a flood zone or on sloped terrain. The size of the septic tank is determined by the number of people living in the home and how much water is used daily.
There are different types of septic tanks, including plastic, fiberglass, and concrete. Some have special shapes to accommodate shallow or difficult installation sites. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, so consult a professional to determine which is best for your home and budget.
Replacement
A septic tank is a large underground container that collects wastewater from bathrooms, laundry rooms and dishwashing. It separates solid waste from the liquid portion of the wastewater and disposes of it in a drain field. The liquid waste travels through a system of pipes to the soil, where natural filtering takes place. This system is used in rural areas where sewer systems are not available.
The typical septic tank is made of concrete, although there are some tanks that use polymers or other weather-resistant materials. It has an inlet pipe connected to a baffle and an outlet pipe attached to the drainfield.
Some septic tanks have a second stage, where the sludge is digested in a separate chamber before exiting to the drainage field. This is a much more efficient method of disposing of the waste and can help reduce odors. Some septic tanks are also designed with siphons to speed up the flow of water through the tank and into the drain field, which can help reduce clogging.
If you have a septic system, you should keep the tank pumped regularly. The best way to do this is to hire a professional service that offers septic tank pumping. This service should be done every three to five years, and it will help to prevent the system from clogging or becoming overloaded.
Another sign that your septic tank may need to be replaced is if you notice a foul odor coming from your home or yard. This can be a sign that the septic tank is overflowing or that there is a problem with the drain field. A professional will be able to determine the source of the smell and fix it.
Putting non-biodegradable items into toilets is also bad for a septic system. Cigarette butts, cotton buds/swabs, and menstrual hygiene products should never be thrown in the toilet. These items can clog and overflow the tank and cause other problems.
If you are installing a septic tank, it is important to have a survey conducted before breaking ground on your property. This will ensure that the septic tank is in the right place and will not interfere with any utilities or structures on your land. It will also save you from costly legal issues in the future.